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The combination is also inappropriate in circuits where both inputs may go low simultaneously (i.e. a transition from restricted to keep ).

The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs and will have one or two outputs.

Flip-flops and latches are fundamental building blocks of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems.

A flip-flop is a device which stores a single bit (binary digit) of data; one of its two states represents a one and the other represents a zero.

Such data storage can be used for storage of state, and such a circuit is described as sequential logic in electronics.

When used in a finite-state machine, the output and next state depend not only on its current input, but also on its current state (and hence, previous inputs).

It can also be used for counting of pulses, and for synchronizing variably-timed input signals to some reference timing signal.

The term flip-flop has historically referred generically to both level-triggered and edge-triggered circuits that store a single bit of data using gates.

Recently, some authors reserve the term flip-flop exclusively for discussing clocked circuits; the simple ones are commonly called transparent latches.

Using this terminology, a level-sensitive flip-flop is called a transparent latch, whereas an edge-triggered flip-flop is simply called a flip-flop.

Using either terminology, the term flip-flop refers to a device that stores a single bit of data, but the term latch may also refer to a device that stores any number of bits of data using a single trigger.

The terms edge-triggered, and level-triggered may be used to avoid ambiguity.

They differ slightly from some of the definitions given below.

Flip-flops in use at Hughes at the time were all of the type that came to be known as J-K.

In designing a logical system, Nelson assigned letters to flip-flop inputs as follows: 1: A B, 2: C D, 3: E F, 4: G H, 5: J K.

Nelson used the notations j -input and k -input in a patent application filed in 1953.

In the context of hardware description languages, the simple ones are commonly described as latches, 1 while the clocked ones are described as flip-flops.

Clocking causes the flip-flop either to change or to retain its output signal based upon the values of the input signals at the transition.

Some flip-flops change output on the rising edge of the clock, others on the falling edge.

Thus the two stages are connected in a non-inverting loop although the circuit diagram is usually drawn as a symmetric cross-coupled pair (both the drawings are initially introduced in the EcclesJordan patent).

The behavior of a particular type can be described by what is termed the characteristic equation, which derives the next (i.e., after the next clock pulse) output, Q next in terms of the input signal(s) andor the current output.

S 1, R 0: Set S 0, R 0: Hold S 0, R 1: Reset S 1, R 1: Not allowed Transitioning from the restricted combination (D) to (A) leads to an unstable state.

If S ( Set ) is pulsed high while R ( Reset ) is held low, then the Q output is forced high, and stays high when S returns to low; similarly, if R is pulsed high while S is held low, then the Q output is forced low, and stays low when R returns to low.

The combination is also inappropriate in circuits where both inputs may go low simultaneously (i.e.

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